Raw Materials
Aluminium inoverengera zvimwe zvezvinhu zvinonyanya kuwanda: mushure meokisijeni nesilicon, ndiyo inonyanya kutsanangurwa mukati meuriri hwepasi, ichiita chikamu chinodarika masere kubva muzana cheukuru kusvika pakusimba kwemamamaira gumi uye ichionekwa padombo rega rega rega.
Zvisinei, aruminiyamu haiitike muchimiro chayo chakachena, chesimbi asi neimwe nzira sehydrated aluminium oxide (musanganiswa wemvura nealuminium) yakasanganiswa nesilika, iron oxide, uye titania.Iyo aruminiyamu ore yakakura kwazvo ndeye bauxite, yakatumidzwa zita reguta reFrance reLes Baux umo yakachinja kuita yakatemwa muna 1821. Bauxite inotakura iron uye hydrated aluminium oxide, iyo yekupedzisira inomiririra jira rayo rakakura kwazvo.
Parizvino, bauxite yakawanda zvakakwana zvekuti madhipoziti akanakisa ane aluminium oxide yezvikamu makumi mana neshanu kubva muzana kana kudarika anocherwa kugadzira aluminum.Concentrated deposits inowanikwa mune imwe neimwe yekuchamhembe nekumaodzanyemba kwehemispheres, ine yakawanda yeore inoshandiswa mukati meUnited States ichibva kuWest Indies, North America, neAustralia.
Sezvo bauxite ichiitika pedyo nepasi, nzira dzokuchera dziri nyore zvikuru.Mabhomba anoshandiswa kuvhura makomba mahombe mumibhedha yebauxite, mushure mezvo mitsetse yetsvina nedombo inobviswa.Iyo ore yakafumurwa inozobviswa nepamberi yekumisa mitoro, inoturikwa mumavan kana mota dzenjanji, uye yoendeswa kunogadzirisa hupenyu hwechirimwa.Bauxite inorema (kazhinji, tani imwe yealuminium inogona kugadzirwa kubva ku4 kusvika ku6 matani e ore), saka, kuderedza kukosha kwekuitakura, maruva aya anogara ari pedyo sezvinobvira kumigodhi ye bauxite.
The Manufacturing Process
Kubvisa natural aluminium kubva ku bauxite kunosanganisira maitiro.Chekutanga, ore inonatswa kubvisa tsvina yakaita sesimbi oxide, silica, titania, uye mvura.Zvadaro, mhedzisiro yealuminium oxide inonyungudutswa kuti ipe yearuminiyamu yakasikwa.Mushure meizvozvo, iyo aluminium inokungurutswa kuti ipe foil.
Kuchenesa-Bayer maitiro
1.Iyo nzira yeBayer inoshandiswa kukwenenzvera bauxite ine nhanho ina: kugaya, kurationalization, kunaya, uye calcination.Munguva yekugayiwa kwemuviri, bauxite iri pasi uye yakasanganiswa nesodium hydroxide isati yapushwa mumatangi makuru, akamanikidzwa.Mumatangi aya, anonzi ma digester, musanganiswa we sodium hydroxide, kudziya, uye kudzvanywa kunotsemura ore kusvika mumhinduro yakazara yesodium aluminate uye zvisinganyunguriki zvinosvibisa, zvinogara pasi.
2.Chikamu chinotevera chehunyanzvi, kuenzanisa, kunosanganisira kutumira mhinduro uye zvinosvibisa kuburikidza neyakagadzika matangi nematsinha.Munguva iyi dhigirii, mafirita emachira anoteya zvinosvibisa, izvo zvinogona kuzoraswa.Mushure mekusefa zvakare, mhinduro yekupedzisira inoendeswa kune inotonhorera tower.
3.Muchikamu chinotevera, kunaya kwemvura, aluminium oxide solution zviito mu silo yakakura, umo, mukugadzirisa kweDeville technique, mvura inodyarwa nemakristasi e hydrated aluminium kukurudzira kuumbwa kwemarara ealuminium.Sezvo makristasi embeu anokwezvera mamwe makristasi mukati memhinduro, masumbu makuru ealuminium hydrate anotanga kuumba.Izvi zvinotanga kusefa mushure mozosukwa.
4.Calcination, danho rekupedzisira mukati meBayer refinement system, rinosanganisira kuisa pachena aluminium hydrate kune kutonhora kwakanyanya.Uku kudziya kwakanyanya kunobvisa mvura mumucheka, zvichisiya zvakasara zvehupfu chena: aluminium oxide.
Kunyunguduka
1.Smelting, iyo inoparadzanisa aluminium-oxygen compound (alumina) inogadzirwa nerubatsiro rweBayer nzira, ndiyo danho rinotevera pakubvisa zvisikwa, simbi aluminium kubva kubhauxite.Kunyangwe sisitimu iripo parizvino ichibva kunzira ye electrolytic yakagadzirwa panguva imwe cheteyo kuburikidza naCharles Hall naPaul-Louis-Toussaint Héroult mukati mekupera kwezana ramakore regumi nepfumbamwe, yakagadziridzwa.Chekutanga, iyo alumina inonyungudutswa munhare inonyunguduka, yakadzika simbi mildew yakamisikidzwa nekabhoni uye izere neinodziya yemvura conductor inoumbwa kunyanya yealuminum compound cryolite.
2.Next, yemagetsi powered contemporary inomhanya kuburikidza ne cryolite, zvichiita kuti crust iite pamusoro pepinacle yealumina inyauka.Kana imwe alumina ichiwedzerwa nguva nenguva mumusanganiswa, ganda iri rinotyoka uye rinosimudzwa mukati zvakanaka.Sezvo iyo alumina inonyungudika, inowora nemagetsi kuti ibudise musara wearuminiyamu yakachena, yakanyungudutswa pazasi peserura inonyungudika.Okisijeni inosangana nekabhoni inoshandiswa kumisa masero uye inopukunyuka mukati mechimiro checarbon dioxide.
3.Zvichiri muchimiro chakanyungudutswa, aluminium yakacheneswa inotorwa kubva mumasero anonyunguduka, inotamirwa mumakumbo, uye inodururwa muvira.Padhigirii iri, zvimwe zvinhu zvinogona kuunzwa kuti zvipe aruminiyamu alloys ane hunhu hunoenderana nechigadzirwa chekumisa, kunyangwe foil inowanzogadzirwa kubva makumi mapfumbamwe nepfumbamwe.8 kana makumi mapfumbamwe nepfumbamwe.9 muzana aruminiyamu yakachena.Mvura yacho inozodirwa mune yakananga kick back casting gadget, umo inotonhorera kuita ma slabs makuru anonzi "ingots" kana "reroll inventory."Mushure mekunyungudutswa-kupisa kunoitwa kuti kuwedzere kushanda-iyo ingots yakakodzera kukungurukira mufoiri.
Imwe nzira yekunyungudusa nekukanda aluminium inonzi "non-stop casting."Iyi nzira inosanganisira mutsetse wekugadzira unosanganisira choto chinonyunguduka, nzvimbo yekuchengetedza moto kuti iite simbi yakanyungudutswa, switch system, yekukanda unit, musanganiswa unit senge pinch rolls, shear uye bridle, uye rewind uye coil mota.Nzira dzose dziri mbiri dzinobudisa uwandu hwehukobvu hunotanga kubva pa 0.One zana nemakumi maviri neshanu kusvika zero.250 inch (0.317 kusvika 0.635 centimeter) uye yehupamhi hwakawanda.Kuwana kweinoenderera mberi yekukanda nzira ndeyekuti haidi nhanho yekumisikidza yapfuura kufoiri kukunguruka, sezvinoita kunyunguduka uye kukanda nzira, nekuti annealing inogara ichiitwa mukati mekukanda system.
Rolling foil
Mushure mekunge foil inventory yaitwa, inoda kuderedzwa muhupamhi kugadzira iyo foil.Izvi zvinoitwa muchigayo, umo jira rinopfuura kakawanda kuburikidza nesimbi yesimbi inonzi work rolls.Sezvo mapepa (kana mawebhu) ealuminium achipfuura nemumapumburu, anosvinwa akatetepa uye anoburitswa nepakati penzvimbo pakati pemapumburu.Mipumburu yebasa inobatanidzwa neinorema mipumburu inozivikanwa se backup rolls, iyo inoshandisa kushushikana kubatsira kuchengetedza kusimba kwemapendi emapendi.Izvi zvinogonesa kuchengetedza zviyero zvechigadzirwa mukati mekushivirira.Iwo mapendi uye backup rolls inotenderera mune zvinopesana nemirairo.Mafuta anowedzerwa kufambisa nzira yekukungurusa.Munguva iyi inotenderedza system, iyo aluminium nguva nenguva inofanirwa kuvharwa (kudziya-kurapwa) kuchengetedza kushanda kwayo.
Kuderedzwa kwefoiri kunodzorwa nerubatsiro rwekugadzirisa rpm yemapumburu uye viscosity (kupokana nekunyungudika), huwandu, uye tembiricha yemafuta anotenderedza.Mukobvu wemupumburu unotaridza kukora uye nguva yefoiri inosiya guyo.Iyi gap inogona kugadziriswa nerubatsiro rwekusimudza kana kudzikisa iyo yepamusoro pendi roll.Rolling inoburitsa maviri echisikigo kupera pafoiri, yakajeka uye matte.Mugumo wakajeka unogadzirwa nepo foil ichisvika pakubata nependi yakadhirowa nzvimbo.Kuti ugadzire matte end, mapepa maviri anofanirwa kutakurwa pamwe chete uye kupetwa panguva imwe chete;nepo izvo zvichizadzikiswa, mipendero inobata imwe neimwe yakasiyana inova ine matte kupera.Mamwe ma mechanic finishing techniques, anowanzo gadzirwa panguva yekushandura mashandiro, anogona kushandiswa kupa maitiro akanaka.
Sezvo mapepa efoiri achipinda nemuma roller, anochekwa uye anotsemurwa nemapanga akaita denderedzwa kana kuti razor akaiswa pachigayo.Kuchekerera kunoreva marimu efoiri, kunyangwe sekutsemura kunosanganisira kucheka foiri kuita mapepa akati wandei.Matanho aya anoshandiswa kupa slim coiled wides, kuchekerera mipendero yeakashongedzwa kana laminated inventory, uye kupa masikweya zvikamu.Nekuda kwekugadzira nekushandura mashandiro echokwadi, dandemutande rakatyoka pakukunguruka kwese kunofanirwa kubatanidzwa kudzoserwa pamwechete, kana kupatsanurwa.Mhando dzakajairwa dzezvimedu zvekuva nhengo yewebhu yefoiri yakapfava uye/kana inotsigirwa foil ine ultrasonic, tepi yekuisa chisimbiso, tepi yekusimbisa-sealing, uye welded yemagetsi.Iyo ultrasonic splice inoshandisa yakagadzikana-state weld-yakagadzirwa ne ultrasonic transducer-mukati mesimbi yakavharwa.
Kupedzisa nzira
Kune akawanda mapakeji, foil inoshandiswa muIV / musanganiswa nezvinhu zvakasiyana.Inogona kuvharwa nezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana, izvo zvinosanganisira mapolymers uye resin, zvekushongedza, kudzivirira, kana kudziya-kuisa chisimbiso mabasa.Inogona kuve yakashongedzwa kumapepa, mapepa emapepa, uye mafirimu epurasitiki.Inogona zvakare kutemwa, kuumbwa kuita chero fomu, yakadhindwa, yakamisikidzwa, kupatsanurwa kuita mitsetse, shizha, etched, uye anodized.Kana foil iri murudzi rwayo rwekupedzisira, inoputirwa zvinoenderana uye inotumirwa kumutengi.
Quality Control
Pamusoro pe-mu-method yekudzora ma parameter akadai setembiricha uye nguva, iyo yakapedzwa foil chigadzirwa inofanirwa kusangana nezvakanaka zvinodiwa.Semuyenzaniso, imwe yemhando yekuchinja maitirwo uye kurega kushandisa yakawanikwa ichida akasiyana siyana ekuomesa pafoil pasi kuti iite zvakanaka.Kunyorova kwekutarisa kunoshandiswa kusarudza kuoma.Mumuedzo uyu, zvigadziriso zvakasarudzika zve ethyl doro mumvura yakasvibiswa, mukuwedzera kwegumi muzana nerubatsiro rwehuwandu, inodururwa muyunifomu inofamba pamusoro pefoiri pamusoro.Kana pasina madonhwe emushonga, kunyorova ndi 0. Iyo tekinoroji inoenderera kusvika yaonekwa kuti ishoma muzana yedoro mhinduro inonyorovesa zvachose pasi pefoiri.
Zvimwe zvakakosha zvinhu ukobvu uye kusimba kwesimba.Nzira dzekutarisa dzakajairwa dzakafambiswa mberi nerubatsiro rweAmerican Society For Testing and Materials (ASTM).Ukobvu hunotaridzirwa nenzira yekuyera sampuli uye kuyera nzvimbo yayo, mushure mezvo kupatsanura huremu kuburikidza nekugadzirwa kwenzvimbo zviitiko iyo alloy density.Tension yekutarisa kunze kwefoil inoda kunyatsodzorwa nekuti tarisa mhedzisiro inogona kunge iri kutambura kubva kune yakaoma micheto uye kuvapo kwehurema hudiki, pamwe nezvimwe zvinosiyana.Iyo pateni inomisikidzwa mukubata uye kumanikidza kana kudhonza kunoshandiswa kusvika kutyoka kwepateni kwaitika.Kutsikirirwa kana magetsi anodiwa kutyora patani inopimwa.
Nguva yekutumira: Mar-08-2022