Aluminium ndiyo yakanyanya kutariswa nguva pfupi yadarika yesimbi iyo inocheka-kumucheto bhizinesi inoshandisa muhuwandu hukuru.Inozivikanwa se "alumina," mishonga yealuminium yakashandiswa kubatanidza mishonga muEgypt yekare uye kuisa dhayi dzemucheka pane imwe nguva yeMiddle Ages.
Mukutanga kwezana ramakore regumi nemasere, masayendisiti akafungidzira kuti makomisheni aya aive nesimbi, uye muna 1807, nyanzvi yemakemikari yeChirungu Sir Humphry Davy akaedza kuitsaura.Kunyange zvazvo kuedza kwake kwakakundikana, Davy akasimbisa kuti alumina aiva nechigadziko chesimbi, chaakatanga kuzivikanwa se "aluminium."Davy akazoshandura izvi kuita “aluminium,” uye, sekuperetera kunoita masayendisiti munyika dzakawanda izwi rekuti “aluminium,” vanhu vazhinji vekuAmerica vanoshandisa chiperengo chakadzokororwa chaDavy.
Muna 1825, imwe nyanzvi yekemesitiri yekuDenmark yainzi Hans Christian Ørsted aruminiyamu yakazviparadzanisa nevamwe, uye makore makumi maviri gare gare, nyanzvi yefizikisi inonzi Friedrich Wohler wekuGermany yakashandura inokwanisa kugadzira zvidimbu zvakakura zvesimbi;zvisineyi, marara aWohler anga ari akanyanya kunaka mativi emapini.
Muna 1854 Henri Sainte-Claire Deville, musayendisiti wechiFrench, akapfava maitiro aWohler akakwana kugadzira mapundu ealuminium akakura semabhura.Maitiro aDeville akapa hwaro hweiyo yekucheka-kumucheto aruminiyamu indasitiri, uye ekutanga aluminium mabara akagadzirwa akaratidzwa muna 1855 paParis Exposition.
Pachinhu ichi kukosha kwakanyanyisa kwekuparadzanisa iyo ichangobva kuwanikwa simbi inomanikidza kushambadzira kwayo kunoita kushandisa.Nekudaro, muna 1866 masayendisiti achimhanya mumwe nemumwe mukati meUnited States neFrance panguva imwe chete akafambisira mberi izvo zvave kunzi Hall-Héroult nzira yekuparadzanisa alumina kubva kuokisijeni nerubatsiro rwekushandisa magetsi nhasi.Nepo mumwe nemumwe Charles Hall naPaul-Louis-Toussaint Héroult vakapa patent yavo zvavakawana, muAmerica neFrance zvakateerana, Hall yakave yekutanga kunzwisisa kugona kwemari yenzira yake yekuchenesa.
Muna 1888 iye nevamwe vakati wandei vakatanga Pittsburgh Reduction Company, iyo yakagadzira yekutanga aruminiyamu ingots iyo 12 mwedzi.Achishandisa simba remagetsi emagetsi kusimbaradza chirimwa chihombe chekushandura chiri pedyo neNiagara Falls uye kupa kudiwa kuri kuramba kuchikura kwekutengesa kwealuminium, mushandirwi waHall-akatumidza zita rekuti Aluminium Company of America (Alcoa) muna 1907-akabudirira.Héroult akazoisa Aluminium-Industrie-Aktien-Gesellschaft kuSwitzerland.Dzichikurudzirwa nerubatsiro rwekufona kuri kukura kwealuminium munguva yeHondo Yenyika I uye II, nzvimbo zhinji dzakasimukira dzakasimukira dzakatanga kupa aruminiyamu yavo.
Muna 1903, France yakave nyika yekutanga kugadzira foil kubva kucheneswa aluminium.United States yakatevera makore gumi gare gare, kushandiswa kwayo kwekutanga kwechigadzirwa chitsva chiri mabhendi emakumbo kuwana njiva dzemujaho.Aluminium foil yakashandurwa kuita munguva pfupi yaishandiswa mabhini uye kurongedza, uye Hondo Yenyika II yakamhanyisa maitiro aya, kumisikidza foil yealuminium semucheka mukuru wekurongedza.
Kusvika Hondo Yenyika II, Alcoa yakaramba iri yega yekuAmerica inogadzira aruminiyamu yakacheneswa, asi nhasi kune vanomwe vanogadzira vagadziri vealuminium foil yakaiswa mukati meUnited States.
Nguva yekutumira: Mar-08-2022